This course provides a detailed review of the renal system, kidney disorders, and pharmacological interventions for nursing students and practicing nurses preparing for NCLEX. It begins with kidney and nephron anatomy and physiology, covering filtration, reabsorption, and secretion processes. Urinary tract infections (UTIs), including cystitis, pyelonephritis, and urethritis, are discussed with symptoms, treatment, and nursing interventions. Kidney stones (renal calculi) are reviewed, focusing on pathophysiology, assessment, and management, including costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness assessment. Acute glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome are explained with pediatric considerations, highlighting pathophysiology, stages, and nursing care. Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic renal failure (CKD/ESRD) are examined, emphasizing stages, management, and complications. The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) is reviewed for blood pressure regulation and its clinical relevance. Loop and thiazide diuretics are covered, including mechanism of action, nursing interventions, and side effects. By the end of this course, nurses will be equipped to assess renal function, manage renal disorders, administer diuretics safely, interpret lab values, and apply critical thinking for NCLEX scenarios and real-world practice.